Research Publications
Published Peer Reviewed Articles and Book Chapters
*indicates the author was a student at the time the research was conducted.
Increasing Help-Seeking
M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds). (2025). Handbook of Mental Health Communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Yzer, M. & Siegel, J. (2025). Chapter 20 Cognitive biases in depression: Implications for help-seeking messaging. In G. de Bruijn & H. Vandebosch (Ed.), Health, media, and communication (pp. 391–410). De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110775426-021
Siegel, J. T., & Tan, C. N.* (2025). Investigating help-seeking attitudes among people with varying levels of depressive symptomatology: An attitude-strength diagnostic approach. In M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds), Handbook of mental health communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Siegel, J. T., & Yzer, M. C. (2025). Maximizing mental health communication: The IIFF Model of help seeking for depression. In M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds), Handbook of mental health communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Straszewski, T., & Siegel, J. T. (2025). Positive emotion infusions as a means of increasing help seeking among people experiencing depression. In M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds), Handbook of mental health communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Siegel, J. T., Ellis, B.*, Riazi, G.*, Brafford, A.*, Guldner, G., & Wells, J. C. (2024). The paradox of the resident experiencing depression: Higher depression, less favorable help-seeking outcome expectations, and lower help-seeking intentions. Social Science and Medicine, 344(6), Article 116593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116593
Guldner, G., Siegel, J. T., Broadbent, C., Ayutyanont, N., Streletz, D. Popa, A., Fuller, J., & Sisemore, T. (2024). Use of an opt-out vs. opt-in strategy for residency mental health services increases resident use. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 16(2), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-23-00460.1
Hollar, S. M.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Increasing help-seeking among people with depression by self-distancing using mental time-travel. Journal of Mental Health, 32(3), 575–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2022.2118684
Straszewski, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). From writing tasks to a public service announcement: Experimentally assessing savoring as a means of increasing help-seeking for depression. Social Science and Medicine, 287, Article 114362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114362
Straszewski, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2020). Differential effects of high- and low-arousal positive emotions on help-seeking for depression. Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 12, 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12214
Hollar, S. M.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2020). Self-distancing as a path to help-seeking for people with depression. Social Science and Medicine, 245, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112700
Siegel, J. T., & Keeler, A.* (2020). Storm, stress, and silence: A focus group examination of factors that exacerbate mental health problems in graduate students who have prior experiences with depression. Journal of College Counseling, 23, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12166
Lienemann, B. A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2019). A mixed methods approach to creating depression public service announcements by collaborating with people with depressive symptomatology. Journal of Health Communication, 24(11), 801–820. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1670762
Siegel, J. T., Flores-Mendal, E.*, Martinez, D.*, & Berger, D. E. (2019). Can mental health anti-stigma messages have untoward effects on some people with depression? An exploratory study. Journal of Health Communication, 24(11), 821–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1672838
Lienemann, B. A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Increasing help-seeking outcomes among people with elevated depressive symptomatology with public service announcements: An examination of function matching and message sidedness. Journal of Health Communication, 23(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2017.1396630
Straszewski, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Positive emotion infusions: Can savoring increase help-seeking intentions among people with depression? Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 10(1), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12122
Siegel, J. T., Lienemann, B. A.*, & Rosenberg, B. D.* (2017). Resistance, reactance, and misinterpretation: Highlighting the challenge of persuading people with depression to seek help. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(6), Article e12322. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12322
Siegel, J. T., & Thomson, A. T.* (2017). Positive emotion infusions of elevation and gratitude: Increasing help-seeking among people with elevated levels of depressive symptomatology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(6), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1221125
Keeler, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2016). Depression, help seeking, and perceived family functioning among Hispanics and Non-Hispanics Whites. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 236–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.017
Lienemann, B. A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2016). State psychological reactance to depression public service announcements among people with varying levels of depressive symptomatology. Health Communication, 31(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.940668
Siegel, J. T., Lienemann, B. A.*, & Tan, C. N.* (2015). Influencing help-seeking among people with elevated depressive symptomatology: Mistargeting as a persuasive technique. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(2), 242–255. https://doi-org.ccl.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/2167702614542846
Keeler, A. R.*, Siegel, J. T., & Alvaro, E. M. (2014). Depression and help seeking among Mexican-Americans: The mediating role of familism. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 16(6), 1225–1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9824-6
Lienemann, B. A., Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2013). Persuading people with depression to seek help: Respect the boomerang. Health Communication, 28(7), 718–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.712091
HCA Healthcare
Liu, X.*, Falco, C. M.*, Gulnder, G., Siegel, J. T. (2025). Psychometric properties of the Flourish Index and Secure Flourish Index in healthcare settings. Assessment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241310312
Siegel, J. T., Ellis, B.*, Riazi, G.*, Brafford, A.*, Guldner, G., & Wells, J. C. (2024). The paradox of the resident experiencing depression: Higher depression, less favorable help-seeking outcome expectations, and lower help-seeking intentions. Social Science and Medicine, 344(6), Article 116593.
Guldner, G., Siegel, J. T., Broadbent, C., Ayutyanont, N., Streletz, D. Popa, A., Fuller, J., & Sisemore, T. (2024). Use of an opt-out vs. opt-in strategy for residency mental health services increases resident use. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 16(20), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-23-00460.1
Brafford, A. M.*, Ellis, B.*, Guldner, G., Riazi, G.*, Liu, X.*, Wells, J. C, & Siegel, J. T. (2024). A multi-wave study of factors associated with resident engagement, depression, burnout, and stay intent. HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, 5(3), 312–330. https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.1837
Marshburn, A. W.*, Riazi, G.*, Menezes, S.*, Ramirez, S.*, Guldner, G. Wells, J. C. & Siegel, J. T. (2024). A nation-wide survey of program directors at a large health care organization: Prevalence and perceptions of resident wellness activities. HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, 5(3), 251–263. https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.1808
Menezes, M.*, Carpenter, K. M.*, Marshburn, A. W.*, Ramirez, S.*, Guldner, G., Wells, J. C., & Siegel, J. T. (2024). A qualitative follow-up to a survey of program directors on wellness programming at a large healthcare organization: Interviews of high- and low-exemplar programs. HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, 5(3), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.1807
Guldner, G., Wells, J., Ayutyanont, N., Iyengar, R., Sprenger, S., Siegel, J. T., & Kashyap, R. (2023). COVID-19 related disruptions to medical education and perceived clinical capability of new resident physicians: a nationwide study of over 1200 first-year residents. Medical Education Online, 28(1), Article 2143307. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2022.2143307
Guldner, G. T., Roozendaal, S. M., Berkeley, R. P., Allswede, M. P., Domanski, K. H., Sairafe, O. M., Davey, D. F., Abou-Ziab, H., & Siegel, J. T. (2022). Impact of the Las Vegas mass shooting event on the graduate medical education mission: Can there be growth from tragedy? The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2022.9.56221
Reactance
Siegel, J. T., & Rosenberg, B. D. (2024). The reactive spiral: An initial empirical assessment. Motivation Science. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000363
Rosenberg, B., Marshburn, A.*, & Siegel, J. (2022). Persuasive communication: Source, message, audience. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.285
Donaldson, C. D.*, Alvaro, E. A., Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2023) Psychological reactance and adolescent cannabis use: The role of parental warmth and monitoring. Addictive Behaviors, 136, Article 107466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107466
Rosenberg, B. D.*, & Siegel, J. T., (2021). Threatening uncertainty and psychological reactance: Are freedom threats always noxious? Current Psychology, 42, 3968–3977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01640-8
Rosenberg, B. D., & Siegel, J. T. (2020). Reactance and spiritual possibilities: An application of psychological reactance theory. In K. E. Vail & C. Routledge (Eds.), The science of religion, spirituality, and existentialism (pp. 67–82). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-01248-7
Rosenberg, B. D.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2018). A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. Motivation Science, 4(4), 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000091
Siegel, J. T., Lienemann, B. A.*, & Rosenberg, B. D.* (2017). Resistance, reactance, and misinterpretation: Highlighting the challenge of persuading people with depression to seek help. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(6), Article e12322. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12322
Lienemann, B. A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2016). State psychological reactance to depression public service announcements among people with varying levels of depressive symptomatology. Health Communication, 31(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.940668
Siegel, J. T., Lienemann, B. A.*, & Tan, C. N.* (2015). Influencing help-seeking among people with elevated depressive symptomatology: Mistargeting as a persuasive technique. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(2), 242–255. https://doi-org.ccl.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/2167702614542846
Rosenberg, B. D., Coulson, T. B., II,* Falco, C. M.,* & Siegel, J. T. (in press). Don’t tread on me: Freedom and reactance to autonomy threat. In K. Vail, D. V. Tongeren, B. Schegel, J. Greenberg, L. King, & R. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of the science of existential psychology. Guilford Press.
Stigma
M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds). (2025). Handbook of Mental Health Communication (1st Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Muschetto, T., & Siegel, J. T. (2025). Application of Weiner's Attribution-Emotion-Action Model to increase support to people with depression. In M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds), Handbook of Mental Health Communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Marshburn, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2025). Depression, mental health culture, and graduate students: A low-cost, poster-based intervention using attribution messages. Journal of American College Health. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2024.2446441
Yao, E.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2024). Weiner’s Attribution-Emotion-Action Model: Uncovering the mediating role of self-blame and the moderating effect of the helper’s responsibility for the help recipient’s behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167224123813
Liu, X.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Increasing support for loved ones with depression using moral elevation: A cross-cultural exploration of different elevation inductions. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 19(6), 979–994. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2023.2282770
Marshburn, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Vested in support: applying vested interest theory to increase support for close others with depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 28(4), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053221115626
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Perceived stability of depressive symptomology and willingness to help relational partners: An attributional perspective. Current Psychology, 42, 14076–14091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02708-9
Ruybal, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Increasing social support for women with postpartum depression through attribution theory guided vignettes and video messages: The understudied role of effort. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 97, Article 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104197
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Bibliometric review of attribution theory: A document co-citation analysis. Motivation Science, 7(4), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000253
Yao, E.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Examining the role of interpersonal relationship on attribution, emotion, and depression support provision: Experimental evidence from the People’s Republic of China. Motivation Science, 7(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000180
Siegel, J. T., & Keeler, A.* (2020). Storm, stress, and silence: A focus group examination of factors that exacerbate mental health problems in graduate students who have prior experiences with depression. Journal of College Counseling, 23, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12166
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2020). Use of attribution vignettes and public service announcements to influence perceived stability of depression: The impact on affect, outcome expectancy, and helping judgments. Stigma and Health, 5(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000174
Siegel, J. T., Flores-Mendal, E.*, Martinez, D.*, & Berger, D. E. (2019). Can mental health anti-stigma messages have untoward effects on some people with depression? An exploratory study. Journal of Health Communication, 24(11), 821–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1672838
Ruybal, A. L.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2019). Attribution theory and reducing stigma toward women with postpartum depression: Examining the role of perceptions of stability. Stigma and Health, 4(3), 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000146
Muschetto, T., & Siegel, J. T. (2019). Attribution theory and support for individuals with depression: The impact of controllability, stability, and interpersonal relationship. Stigma and Health, 4(2), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000131
Ruybal, A. L., & Siegel, J. T. (2017). Increasing social support for women with postpartum depression: An application of attribution theory. Stigma and Health, 2(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000047
Mokkarala, S.*, O’Brien, E. K.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2016). The relationship between shame and perceived biological origins of mental illness among south Asian and White Americans. Psychology, Health, and Medicine, 21(4), 448–459. https://doi.org//10.1080/13548506.2015.1090615
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro. E. A., Crano, W. D., Lienemann, B.*, Hohman, Z.*, & O’Brien, E. K.* (2012). Increasing social support for depressed individuals: A cross-cultural assessment of an affect-expectancy approach. Journal of Health Communication, 17(6), 713–732. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.635775
Siegel, J. T., & Yzer, M. C. (in press). Adverse Unintended Effects of Anti-Stigma Campaigns and Intervention Messages: A Typology of Iatrogenic Outcomes Among the General Population and Those with Stigmatized Conditions. Stigma and Health.
Siegel, J. T., & Yzer, M. C. (in press). Adverse unintended effects of anti-stigma campaigns and intervention messages: First, do no harm. Stigma and Health.
Positive Affect
Liu, X.*, Falco, C. M.*, Gulnder, G., Siegel, J. T. (2025). Psychometric properties of the Flourish Index and Secure Flourish Index in healthcare settings. Assessment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241310312
McManus, M. D.*, Nakamura, J., & Siegel, J. T. (2024). Hiding in plain sight: The distinct importance of low-arousal positive affect. Motivation and Emotion, 48, 336–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-024-10062-5
Liu, X.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Increasing support for loved ones with depression using moral elevation: A cross-cultural exploration of different elevation inductions. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 19(6), 979–994. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2023.2282770
Straszewski, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). From writing tasks to a public service announcement: Experimentally assessing savoring as a means of increasing help-seeking for depression. Social Science and Medicine, 287, Article 114362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114362
Straszewski, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2020). Differential effects of high- and low-arousal positive emotions on help-seeking for depression. Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 12, 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12214
McManus, M.*, Siegel, J. T., & Nakamura, J. (2019). The predictive power of low-arousal positive affect. Motivation and Emotion, 43, 130–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9719-x
Graham, L. E.*, Thomson, A. L.*, Nakamura, J., Brandt, I. A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2019). Finding a family: A categorization of enjoyable emotions. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(2), 206–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1402074
Straszewski, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Positive emotion infusions: Can savoring increase help-seeking intentions among people with depression? Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 10(1), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12122
Blazek, D.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Positive emotions and organ donor registration: The differential effects of discrete positive emotions. Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 10(3), 481–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12134
Siegel, J. T., & Thomson, A. T.* (2017). Positive emotion infusions of elevation and gratitude: Increasing help-seeking among people with elevated levels of depressive symptomatology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(6), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1221125
Thomson, A. T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2017). Elevation: A review of scholarship on a moral and other-praising emotion. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(6), 628–638. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1269184
Thomson, A. L., Nakamura, J., Siegel, J. T., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Elevation and mentoring: An experimental assessment of causal relations. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 402–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910824
Siegel, J. T., Thomson, A. L.*, & Navarro, M. N.* (2014). Experimentally distinguishing elevation from gratitude: Oh, the morality. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 414–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910825
Thomson, A. L., & Siegel, J. T. (2013). A moral act, elevation, and prosocial behavior: Moderators of morality. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.754926
Liu, X.*, & Siegel, J.T. (2023). Elevation and Heroism. In: Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17125-3_60-1
Goal Disruption Theory
Rosenberg, B. D.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2016). The effect of inconsistency appeals on the influence of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements: An application of goal disruption theory. Journal of Health Communication, 21(2), Article 217227. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1058439
Rosenberg, B. D., Lewandowski, J. A., & Siegel, J. T. (2015). Goal disruption theory, military personnel, and the creation of merged profiles: A mixed methods investigation. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813508006
Siegel, J. T. (2011). Dying for romance: Risk taking as purposive behavior. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16(6), 719–726. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2011.579985
Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Alvaro, E. A., Lac, A*, Rast, D.* & Kettering, V.* (2012). Dying to be popular: A purposive explanation of adolescent willingness to endure harm. In M. A. Hogg & Blaylock, D. (Eds.), Extremism and the Psychology of Uncertainty (pp. 163–186). Wiley-Blackwell.
Vested Interest
Marshburn, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Vested in support: applying vested interest theory to increase support for close others with depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 28(4), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053221115626
Siegel, J. T., Blazek*, D. R., McManus, M. D.*, Alvaro, E. A., & Crano, W. D. (2021). It's all relative: Increasing organ donor registration intentions by maximizing family-relevant vested interest. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(6), 818–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319845130
Donaldson, C. D.*, Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2020). Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: development of vested interest theory-based persuasive messages. Addictive Behaviors, 108, Article 106440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106440
Siegel, J. T., Donaldson, C. D.*, & Crano, W. D. (2019). Application of vested interest theory to prevention of non-medical prescription stimulant and marijuana use: Unforeseen benefits of attitude-behavior inconsistency. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 194, 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.007
Donaldson, C. D.*, Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2016). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in college students: Attitudes, intentions, and vested interest. Addictive Behaviors, 53, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.10.007
Substance Abuse Prevention
Donaldson, C. D.*, Alvaro, E. A., Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2023) Psychological reactance and adolescent cannabis use: The role of parental warmth and monitoring. Addictive Behaviors, 136, Article 107466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107466
Donaldson, C. D.*, Alvaro, E. A., Ruybal, A. I.*, Coleman, M.*, Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D. (2021). A rebuttal-based social norms-tailored cannabis intervention for at-risk adolescents. Prevention Science, 22(5), 609–620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01224-9
Donaldson, C. D.*, Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2020). Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: Development of vested interest theory-based persuasive messages. Addictive Behaviors, 108, Article 106440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106440
Crano, W. D., Donaldson, C. D.*, Siegel. J. T., Alvaro, E. M., & Keely O’Brien, E.* (2019). Selective invalidation of ambivalent pro-marijuana attitude components. Addictive Behaviors, 97, 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.05.020
Siegel, J. T., Donaldson, C. D.*, & Crano, W. D. (2019). Application of Vested Interest Theory to prevention of non-medical prescription stimulant and marijuana use: Unforeseen benefits of attitude-behavior inconsistency. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 194, 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.007
Crano, W. D., Alvaro, E. A., Tan, C. N.*, Siegel, J. T. (2017). Social mediation of persuasive media in adolescent substance prevention. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(4), 479–487. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000265
Donaldson, C. D.*, Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2016). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in college students: Attitudes, intentions, and vested interest. Addictive Behaviors, 53, 101–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.10.007
Siegel, J. T., Tan, C. A.*, Navarro, M. N.*, Alvaro E. A., & Crano, W. D. (2015). The power of the proposition: Frequency of marijuana offers, parental monitoring, and adolescent marijuana use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.035
Johnson, I.*, Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2014). Expanding the reach of vested interest in predicting attitude-behavior consistency. Social Influence, 9(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2012.738243
Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Alvaro, E. A. Lac, A.*, Hackett, J. D.*, & Hohman, Z.* (2014). Differentiating common predictors and outcomes of marijuana initiation: A retrospective longitudinal analysis. Substance Use and Misuse, 49(1–2), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.817427
Hohman, Z. P. *, Crano, W. D., Siegel, J. T., & Alvaro, E. (2014). Attitude ambivalence, friend norms, and adolescent drug use. Prevention Science, 15, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0368-8
Huansuriya, T.*, Siegel, J. T., & Crano, W. D. (2014). Parent-child drug communication: Pathway from parents’ ad exposure to youths’ marijuana use intention. Journal of Health Communication, 19(2), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.811326
Nydegger, L. A. *, Keeler, A. R. *, Hood, C. *, Siegel, J. T., & Stacy, A. W. (2013). Effects of a one hour intervention on condom implementation intentions among drug users in southern California. AIDS Care, 25(12), 1586–1591. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2013.793271
Alvaro, E. A., Crano, W. D., Siegel, J. T., Hohman, Z. *, Johnson, I. *, & Nakawaki, B. * (2013). Adolescents’ attitudes toward anti-marijuana ads, usage intentions, and actual marijuana usage. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(4), 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031960
Miller, S. *, Siegel, J. T., Hohman, Z. P. * & Crano, W. D. (2013). Factors mediating the association of the recency of parent's marijuana use and their adolescent children's subsequent initiation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(3), 848–853. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032201
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. M., Patel, N.*, & Crano, W. D. (2009) “…you would probably want to do it. Cause that’s what made them popular”: Exploring perceptions of inhalant utility among young adolescent nonusers and occasional users. Substance Use and Misuse, 44(5), 597–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080902809543
Lac, A.*, Alvaro, E. M., Crano, W. D., & Siegel, J. T. (2009). Pathways from parental knowledge and warmth to adolescent marijuana use: An extension to the theory of planned behavior. Prevention Science, 10(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0111-z
Skenderian, J.*, Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Alvaro, E., & Lac, A.* (2008). Expectancy change and adolescents’ intentions to use marijuana. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(4), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013020
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E.M., Crano, W.D., Skendarian, J.*, Lac, A.*, & Patel, N.* (2008). Influencing inhalant intentions by changing socio-personal expectations. Prevention Science, 9(3), 153–165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0091-z
Crano, W. D., Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. A., Lac, A.*, Hemovich, V.* (2008). The at-risk adolescent marijuana nonuser: Expanding the standard distinction. Prevention Science, 9(2), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0090-0
Crano, W. D., Gilbert, C.*, Alvaro, E. A., Siegel, J. T. (2008). Enhancing prediction of inhalant abuse risk in samples of early adolescents: A secondary analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 33(7), 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.02.006
Crano, W. D., Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. M., & Patel, N. M. (2007). Overcoming adolescents' resistance to anti-inhalant appeals. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(4), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.21.4.516
Siegel, J. T., & Alvaro, E. M. (2006). An evaluation of Arizona's Youth Tobacco Access prevention media campaign. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(4), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.11.008
Siegel, J. T., & Alvaro, E. M. (2003). Youth tobacco access: Adult attitudes, awareness, and perceived self-efficacy in two Arizona counties. Journal of Community Health, 28, 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026081707832
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. M., & Burgoon, M. (2003). Perceptions of the at-risk nonsmoker: Are potential intervention topics being overlooked? Journal of Adolescent Health, 33(6), 458–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00139-3
Crano, W.D., Alvaro, E. A., & Siegel, J. T. (2019) Creating persuasive substance use prevention communications: The EQUIP model. In H. Petras, R. Hingson, R. Robertson, & Z. Sloboda (Eds.), Advancing prevention science: Prevention of substance use (pp. 303–318). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00627-3_19
Miller, S. M.*, Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D. (2017). Parental influence on children’s cannabis use. In V. R. Preddy, (Ed.), The handbook of cannabis and related pathologies: Biology, diagnosis, treatment, and pharmacology (pp. 215–222). Elsevier, Inc.
Crano, W. D., Alvaro, E. M., & Siegel, J. T. (2015). The media campaign as a focal prevention prevention strategy: A guide to design, implementation, and evaluation. In L. M. Scheier (Ed.), Handbook of adolescent drug use prevention: Research, intervention strategies, and practice (pp. 397–414). American Psychological Association.
Crano, W. D., Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. A. (2012). The siren’s call: Mass media and drug prevention. In J. Dillard & L. Shen (Eds.), The persuasion handbook (pp. 296–313). Sage.
Siegel, J. T., & Burgoon, J. K. (2002). Expectancy theory approaches to prevention: Violating adolescent expectations to increase the effectiveness of public service announcements. In W.D. Crano, & M. Burgoon (Eds.), Mass media and drug prevention: Classic and contemporary theories and research, (pp. 163–186). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Methods Research
Liu, X.*, Falco, C. M.*, Gulnder, G., Siegel, J. T. (2025). Psychometric properties of the Flourish Index and Secure Flourish Index in healthcare settings. Assessment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911241310312
Blazek, D. R.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Preventing satisficing: A narrative review. International Journal of Survey Research Methodology, 27(6), 635–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2023.2239086
Blazek, D. R.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Let's come to order: The influence of question order on willingness to register as an organ donor. Social Science & Medicine, 324, Article 115864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115864
Siegel, J. T., Blazek, D. R.*, McManus, M. D.*, & Marshburn, A.* (2023). Three-in-1,000 and dynamic norms: A mixed-method investigation of novel appeals for influencing organ donor registration. Social Science and Medicine, 317, Article 115544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115544
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Bibliometric review of attribution theory: A document co-citation analysis. Motivation Science, 7(4), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000253
Siegel, J. T., Blazek, D. R.*, McManus, M. D.*, Alvaro, E. M., Crano, W. D., & Sanders, M. (2021). Organ donation and departments of motor vehicles: Multiple messages, implementations, and replications. Health Psychology, 40(6), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001087
Lee, J. Y.*, Chen, C.*, Kolokowsky, E.*, Hong, S.*, Siegel, J. T., Donaldson, S. I. (2021). Development and validation of Career Crafting Assessment (CCA). Journal of Career Assessment, 29(4), 717–736. https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727211002565
Siegel, J. T., Blazek*, D. R., McManus, M. D.*, Alvaro, E. A., & Crano, W. D. (2021). It's all relative: Increasing organ donor registration intentions by maximizing family-relevant vested interest. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(6), 818–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319845130
Lienemann, B. A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2019). A mixed methods approach to creating depression public service announcements by collaborating with people with depressive symptomatology. Journal of Health Communication, 24(11), 801–820. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2019.1670762
Siegel, J. T., & Navarro, M. N.* (2019). A conceptual replication examining the risk of overtly listing eligibility criteria on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49(4), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12580
Baumsteiger, R., & Siegel, J. T. (2019). Measuring prosociality: The development of a prosocial behavioral intentions scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1411918
Siegel, J. T., Navarro, M. A., & Thomson, A. L. (2015). The impact of overtly listing eligibility requirements on MTurk: An investigation involving organ donation, recruitment scripts, and feelings of elevation. Social Science & Medicine, 142, 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.020
Rosenberg, B. D., Lewandowski, J. A., & Siegel, J. T. (2015). Goal disruption theory, military personnel, and the creation of merged profiles: A mixed methods investigation. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 9(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689813508006
Siegel, J. T., Crano, W. D., Alvaro, E. A. Lac, A.*, Hackett, J. D.*, & Hohman, Z.* (2014). Differentiating common predictors and outcomes of marijuana initiation: A retrospective longitudinal analysis. Substance Use and Misuse, 49(1–2), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.817427
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E., Pace-Jones, S., Crano, W. C., Lac, A.*, & Ting, S.* (2008). A quasi-experimental investigation of message appeal variations on organ donor registration rates. Health Psychology, 27(2), 170–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.170
Siegel, J. T. & Jones, N. D.* (2018). Survey Research. In Frey, B. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 1639–1642). Sage.
Tan, C. N.* & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Surveys. In Frey, B. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation. Sage.
Navarro, M. N.* & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Solomon four-group design. In Frey, B. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational research, measurement, and evaluation (pp. 1553–1554). Sage.
Organ Donation
Blazek, D. R.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Let's come to order: The influence of question order on willingness to register as an organ donor. Social Science & Medicine, 324, Article 115864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115864
Siegel, J. T., Blazek, D. R.*, McManus, M. D.*, Alvaro, E. M., Crano, W. D., & Sanders, M. (2021). Organ donation and departments of motor vehicles: Multiple messages, implementations, and replications. Health Psychology, 40(6), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001087
Siegel, J. T., Blazek*, D. R., McManus, M. D.*, Alvaro, E. A., & Crano, W. D. (2021). It's all relative: Increasing organ donor registration intentions by maximizing family-relevant vested interest. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(6), 818–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319845130
Blazek, D. R., Siegel, J. T., Tan, C. N., Baumsteiger, R., & Cornwell, J. F. M. (2020). Inducing motivational harmony to increase attitudes and intentions to register as an organ donor and engage in general prosocial behavior. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 4(4), 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.75
Blazek, D.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2018). Positive emotions and organ donor registration: The differential effects of discrete positive emotions. Applied Psychology: Health and Well Being, 10(3), 481–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12134
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. A., Tan, C. N.*, Navarro, M. A.*, Garner, L.* & Jones, S. P. (2016). Increasing organ donor registrations: The IIFF Model and (f)utility of a lone ICRO. Progress in Transplantation, 26, 103-108.
Siegel, J. T., Tan, C. N.*, Rosenberg, B. D.*, Navarro, M. A.*, Thomson, A.*, Lyrintzis, E. A.*, Alvaro, E. A., & Jones, N. D.* (2016). Anger, frustration, boredom and the Department of Motor Vehicles: Can negative emotions impede organ donor registration? Social Science and Medicine, 153, 174-181.
Siegel, J. T., Navarro, M. A.*, & Thomson, A. L.* (2015). The impact of overtly listing eligibility requirements on MTurk: An investigation involving organ donation, recruitment scripts, and feelings of elevation. Social Science and Medicine, 142, 256-260.
Siegel, J. T., O’Brien*, E. K., Alvaro, E. A., & Paulsen, J. (2014). Barriers to living donation among low-resource Hispanics. Qualitative Health Research, 24, 1360-1367.
Siegel, J. T., Navarro, M. A.*, Tan, C., N.*, & Hyde, M. K. (2014). Attitude–behavior consistency, the principle of compatibility, and organ donation: A classic innovation. Health Psychology, 33, 1084-1091.
Gonzalez, A. V.*, Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. M., & O’Brien* (2013). The Effect of Depression on Physician–Patient Communication Among Hispanic End-Stage Renal Disease Patients. Journal of Health Communication, 18, 485-97. http://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.727962
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. A., Hohman, Z. A.*, & Mauer, D. (2011). “Can you spare an organ?” Exploring Hispanic Americans’ willingness to discuss living organ donation with loved ones. Health Communication, 26, 754-764.
Alvaro, E.A., Siegel, J. T., & Jones, S. P. (2011). Increasing organ donor registration rates by providing an Immediate and Complete Registration Opportunity: An experimental assessment of the IIFF Model. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 16, 686-694.
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E.A., Crano, W. D., Gonzalez, A.*, Tang, J.*, & Jones, S.P. (2010). Passive-positive organ donor registration behavior: A mixed method assessment of the IIFF Model. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 15, 198-209.
Alvaro, E.A., Siegel, J. T., Crano, W.D., & Dominick, S. A. (2010). A mass mediated intervention on Hispanic live kidney donation. Journal of Health Communication, 15, 374-387.
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E., Pace-Jones, S., Crano, W. C., Lac, A.*, & Ting, S.* (2008). A quasi-experimental investigation of message appeal variations on organ donor registration rates. Health Psychology, 27, 170-178.
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E., Lac, A.*, Crano, W. D., Dominick, S. A. (2008). Intentions of becoming a living organ donor among Hispanics: A theoretical approach exploring differences between living and non-living organ donation. Journal of Health Communication, 13, 80-99.
Alvaro, E. A., Siegel, J. T., Turcotte, D.*, Lisha, N.*, Crano W. D., & Dominick, S.A. (2008). Living kidney donation among Hispanics: A qualitative examination of the barriers and opportunities. Progress in Transplantation, 18, 243-250.
Alvaro, E. M., Jones, S. P., Robles, A. S., & Siegel, J. T. (2006). Hispanic organ donation: Impact of a Spanish-language organ donation campaign. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98, 28-35.
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. M., & Jones, S. P. (2005). Organ donor registration preferences among Hispanic populations: Which modes of registration have the greatest promise? Health Education and Behavior, 32, 242-252.
Alvaro, E. M., Jones, S. P., Robles, A., & Siegel, J. T. (2005). Predictors of organ donation behavior among Hispanic Americans. Progress in Transplantation, 15, 149-156.
Siegel, J. T., & Alvaro, E. A. (2010). Understanding Organ Donation: Applied Behavioral Science Perspectives. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Siegel, J. T. (2013). Illuminating the psychological processes associated with renal failure diagnosis and living donation considerations: An application of Goal Disruption Theory. In Lauri, M. (Ed.), Organ Donation and Transplantation – An Interdisciplinary Approach (pp. 117-140).
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro, E. A., & Hohman, Z.* (2010). A dawning recognition of factors for increasing donor registration: The IIFF Model. In J. T. Siegel and E. Alvaro (Eds.), Understanding organ donation: applied behavioral science approaches (pp. 313–330). Blackwell-Wiley.
Alvaro, E. A. & Siegel, J. T. (2010). Where have we been and where to next: A review and synthesis of organ donation media campaigns. In Siegel J. and Alvaro E. (Eds.), Understanding organ donation: applied behavioral science approaches (pp. 43–63). Blackwell-Wiley.
Siegel, J. T. & Alvaro, E. M. (2013). Bone marrow donation and non-living organ donation: Thoughts inspired by Dr. Ambady’s search for a bone marrow donor. The Forward (Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues), 248, 10-13.
Attribution Theory
Muschetto, T., & Siegel, J. T. (2025). Application of Weiner's Attribution-Emotion-Action Model to increase support to people with depression. In M. C. Yzer & J. T. Siegel (Eds), Handbook of mental health communication. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Marshburn, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2025). Depression, mental health culture, and graduate students: A low-cost, poster-based intervention using attribution messages. Journal of American College Health. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2024.2446441
Yao, E.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2024). Weiner’s Attribution-Emotion-Action Model: Uncovering the mediating role of self-blame and the moderating effect of the helper’s responsibility for the help recipient’s behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167224123813
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2023). Perceived stability of depressive symptomology and willingness to help relational partners: An attributional perspective. Current Psychology, 42, 14076–14091. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02708-9
Yao, E.*, & Siegel, J. T., (2021). The influence of perceptions of intentionality and controllability on perceived responsibility: Applying attribution theory to people’s responses to social transgression in the COVID-19 pandemic. Motivation Science, 7(2), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000220
Ruybal, A.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Increasing social support for women with postpartum depression through attribution theory guided vignettes and video messages: The understudied role of effort. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 97, Article 104197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104197
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Bibliometric review of attribution theory: A document co-citation analysis. Motivation Science, 7(4), 439–450. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000253
Yao, E.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2021). Examining the role of interpersonal relationship on attribution, emotion, and depression support provision: Experimental evidence from the People’s Republic of China. Motivation Science, 7(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/mot0000180
Muschetto, T.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2020). Use of attribution vignettes and public service announcements to influence perceived stability of depression: The impact on affect, outcome expectancy, and helping judgments. Stigma and Health, 5(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000174
Ruybal, A. L.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2019). Attribution theory and reducing stigma toward women with postpartum depression: Examining the role of perceptions of stability. Stigma and Health, 4(3), 320–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000146
Muschetto, T., & Siegel, J. T. (2019). Attribution theory and support for individuals with depression: The impact of controllability, stability, and interpersonal relationship. Stigma and Health, 4(2), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000131
Ruybal, A. L., & Siegel, J. T. (2017). Increasing social support for women with postpartum depression: An application of attribution theory. Stigma and Health, 2(2), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000047
Mokkarala, S.*, O’Brien, E. K.*, & Siegel, J. T. (2016). The relationship between shame and perceived biological origins of mental illness among South Asian and White Americans. Psychology, Health, and Medicine, 21(4), 448–459. https://doi.org//10.1080/13548506.2015.1090615
Sperry, K., & Siegel, J. T. (2013). Victim responsibility, credibility, and verdict in a simulated rape case: Application of Weiner's attribution model. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 18(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8333.2011.02022.x
Siegel, J. T., Alvaro. E. A., Crano, W. D., Lienemann, B.*, Hohman, Z.*, & O’Brien, E. K.* (2012). Increasing social support for depressed individuals: A cross-cultural assessment of an affect-expectancy approach. Journal of Health Communication, 17(6), 713–732. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.635775
Siegel, J. T., & Yzer, M. C. (accepted for publication). Adverse Unintended Effects of Anti-Stigma Campaigns and Intervention Messages: A Typology of Iatrogenic Outcomes Among the General Population and Those with Stigmatized Conditions. Stigma and Health.
Siegel, J. T., & Yzer, M. C. (in press). Adverse unintended effects of anti-stigma campaigns and intervention messages: First, do no harm. Stigma and Health.